Gasification is more efficient than direct combustion of biomass in furnaces, primarily because of exergy losses (available mechanical work) due to internal heat exchange are lower, from 14 to 16% in combustion at 5-7% in gasification, while chemical reactions are relatively efficient for both processes, and secondly because of low SO2 and NOx emissions into the environment. The project aims to improve the efficiency of the gasification reactor mainly by applying pulse-jet systems for power generation with biomass reactor and for pneumatic transport of heat (sorted calcite/ sorted dolomite/ graded sand). These pulse-jet systems are adapted for pneumatic transport of biomass in the reactor and for pneumatic transport of heat and make innovations and improvements to the gasification reactor.

Pulse jet devices are produced and have been exhibited at TIB 2008 with a broad presentation of the project that has sparked the interest of specialists and potential users.

These devices make it possible to achieve, using the same reactor, of biomass or mixtures of organic waste gasification plants with direct heating (1) of biomass, producing a synthetic fuel gas (syngas) with calorific efficiency, Hi, of 5-6 [MJ / Ncm] and without any external heat, or, with indirect heating (2), with heat input from outside the reactor, producing, by eliminating the air in the reactor, a synthetic fuel gas (syngas) with calorific efficiency, Hi, of 12-14 [MJ/Nm3].

Also, (3) due to small amount of compressed air needed for the injection of biomass and for the precise dosage of air with the jet pulse system can

be obtained a syngas with a calorific value of about  

 

8-9 [MJ/Nm3] with some heat input from outside the reactor.

The syngas with a lower  calorific efficiency is generally used as fuel to produce heat and electricity cogeneration. The syngas with higher calorific value is appropriate to be used as feedstock to produce methanol and other synthetic fuels such as petrol and diesel, also its burning in steam boilers and piston engines is more stable and require smaller size assamblies.

In addition, using pulse-jet system allows :

(1) full automation of the system,

(2) fuel injection into under pressure reactors to fundamentally resolve this deficiency of gasification reactor supply systems,

(3) easy removal of ash which was formed in the reactor during the process and remains of unprocessed coal which eventually are separated from air, collected in filter bags and used as (valuable) fertilizer,

(4) tar cracking, the tar beeing formed in the gasification by passing hot gas through the upper layer of heating medium,

(5) syngas cleaning from dust at a level above 99 [%], via the top layer of heating medium, allowing direct combustion hot syngas in boiler burner without the need to cool it and thus removing the formation of tars and tar cleaning system.

The project outcome will be a prototype reactor for processing a range of 50-350 [kg / hr] biomass.

 

 

The prototype will be completed first with a steam boiler and then with a heat engine of 200 [kW] and will be operated by the consortium members. The annual profit is 90.000 [€] in the first year and 120,000 [€] in the coming years and 570 000 [€] i.e. about 2.28 million [Lei] in 5 years, thus the full amount of financing and funding will be recovered. The value of an installation of 325 [kg biomass / hr] is about 150,000 [€] and the producer’s profit is about 10 000 [€ / installation]. It is estimated that over the next five years about 40 gasification facilities will be produced  with a total profit of about 400,000 [€] ie about 1.6 million [MDL]. Each installation creates between 3 and 6 new jobs and opportunities for exploitation in the growing of a biomass with high productivity (eg sweet sorghum). In Armagh, Northern Ireland a project was completed in order to make a wood gasification plant, produced by cultivation of the soil to obtain 200 [kWe] and 400 [kWt] heating values, similar to those proposed by Bio-Jet project. Installation cost was 280,000 [€] and was financed with a bank loan and a grant of 190,000 [€] of the EC Interreg program.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, RESEARCH, YOUTH AND SPORTS

 

NATIONAL AUTHORITY FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

 

National Institute for Research and Development for machines and installations

intended for Agriculture and Food industry

Managerial Agency for Scientific Research, Innovation and Technological Transfer - Politehnica

PROGRAM:  “INOVARE” within The National Plan II 2007-2013

Contract no.: 105/2007

 

Product: Pulse-jet generating systems. Their application in biomass gasification reactor to produce electricity

Acronym: BIO-JET

 

For more informations  read more...

  

 

The solution of gasification system is patent pending. For the dust filter inside the reactor was applied patent no. 113.002/25.11.1996 "Solid phase separation system in air dispersions" assigned to AIM ltd.

 

The above features and performance are totally according to the global and European level, known at this time in the gasification plant. This solution also brings its own contributions, also above presented, to the development of the gasification reactor.

The project targets the rural communities, large and medium size farms, furniture manufacturers, village and town council halls, for processing organic waste and sewage sludge etc. It is interconnected with other concerns (eg INCDA Fundulea) regarding technical-crop growing, alcohol and other fuel procurement, etc.